Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur 1–2 weeks before your period and improve once menstruation begins. It’s very common, affecting up to 3 in 4 menstruating individuals. Severe emotional symptoms (e.g., extreme sadness or anger) may indicate PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), a more intense form of PMS.
Common Symptoms
- Emotional: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, sadness, or fatigue.
- Physical: Bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint pain, or acne.
- Behavioural: Trouble sleeping, appetite changes, or difficulty concentrating.
What Causes PMS?
- Hormonal changes (fluctuations in oestrogen and progesterone).
- Serotonin levels (a brain chemical affecting mood).
- Stress or sensitivity to hormonal shifts.
Diagnosis
- Symptom Tracking: Keep a daily diary for 2–3 cycles to identify patterns.
- Rule Out Other Conditions: Blood tests may check for thyroid issues or anaemia.
Management and Treatment
Lifestyle Changes in diet, regular exercise, having good sleep and relaxation strategies.
Medications
- Hormonal Birth Control: Pills or IUDs to stabilize hormones.
- Antidepressants: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) for severe mood symptoms.
Supplements like Calcium, Magnesium and Vitamin B6
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can PMS worsen with age?
A: Symptoms may intensify in your 30s–40s but often improve after menopause.
Q: Are natural remedies effective?
A: Some find relief with yoga or supplements but discuss with your doctor first.
Q: Does PMS affect fertility?
A: No—PMS doesn’t impact your ability to conceive.
Q: When should I seek help?
A: If symptoms disrupt work, relationships, or daily life, or if you feel hopeless.
eGynaecologist Advice:
- Consult your gynaecologist if your symptoms don’t improve with self-care.
- You must consult gynaecologist if you suspect PMDD (severe mood swings, suicidal thoughts).
- Treatment is most often personalised and different approaches may be necessary. Stay hydrated and include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
