Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A UTI occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, most often affecting the bladder (cystitis). Women are at higher risk due to a shorter urethra, which allows bacteria to reach the bladder more easily. If you have frequent infections (> 3/year), it is called recurrent UTI.

Common Symptoms

• Burning pain when urinating.
• Frequent urge to urinate, even with little urine.
• Cloudy, bloody, or strong-smelling urine.
• Pelvic discomfort or pressure.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Bacteria: E. coli (from the gut) is the most common cause.
• Risk Factors:
  • Sexual activity.
  • Use of diaphragms/spermicides.
  • Menopause (due to hormonal changes).
  • Diabetes or a weakened immune system.
  • Urinary tract abnormalities.

Diagnosis

• Urine Test: A dipstick test or lab culture confirms the infection.
• Imaging: Rarely needed unless infections are recurrent.

Treatment

1. Antibiotics:
   1. Commonly prescribed: Nitrofurantoin or Trimethoprim.
2. Pain Relief:
   1. Over-the-counter painkillers (e.g., paracetamol).
3. Self-Care:
   1. Drink plenty of water to flush bacteria.
   1. Wipe front to back after using the toilet.
   1. Avoid douches, scented sprays, or irritating products.
   1. Urinate after sex to flush out bacteria.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Are UTIs sexually transmitted?
A: No, but sex can increase risk by introducing bacteria.

Q: Can men get UTIs?
A: Yes, but less common. Requires medical evaluation.

Q: Can I use leftover antibiotics?
A: Never! Incomplete treatment or wrong antibiotics can worsen resistance.

Q: Are UTIs linked to hygiene?
A: Over-cleaning with harsh products can irritate the urethra. Gentle soap and water are best.

eGynaecologist Advice:

• UTIs are common but treatable and early treatment prevents complications (e.g., kidney infection).
• Seek gynaecological consultation if your symptoms last >48 hours or worsen, you have recurrent UTIs (≥3 a year), notice blood in urine or have severe pain and if you are pregnant.
• You must seek urgent care if you developFever, chills, nausea or vomiting or back/flank pain (may indicate a kidney infection).