Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections spread primarily through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral sex) or close genital contact. Some can also spread via shared needles, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Common STIs include:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhoea
- Genital Herpes (HSV)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- HIV
- Syphilis
- Trichomoniasis
Common Symptoms
- Unusual discharge from the vagina, penis, or anus.
- Pain or burning during urination or sex.
- Sores, bumps, blisters, or rashes on genitals, mouth, or anus.
- Itching, swelling, or discomfort in the genital area.
- Bleeding between periods (in women).
How Are STIs Spread?
- Sexual contact: Vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
- Skin-to-skin contact (e.g., herpes, HPV).
- Shared needles or unsterile tattoo/piercing tools.
- Mother-to-child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
Testing & Diagnosis
- Painless and confidential: Tests may include urine samples, blood tests, or swabs.
- Who should get tested?
- Sexually active individuals (especially with new/multiple partners).
- After unprotected sex.
- If you or your partner have symptoms.
Treatment Options
- Curable STIs: Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis are treated with antibiotics. Finish all medication, even if symptoms disappear.
- Manageable STIs: Herpes (antivirals), HIV (antiretroviral therapy), and HPV (monitoring/vaccines).
- Notify partners: They may need testing/treatment to prevent reinfection.
Prevention
- Condoms/dental dams: Use correctly every time you have sex.
- Regular testing: Especially with new partners.
- Vaccines: HPV and Hepatitis B vaccines protect against some STIs.
- Avoid sharing needles or personal items (razors, sex toys).
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I get an STI without symptoms?
A: Yes! Many STIs are “silent.” Regular testing is key.
Q: Are STIs curable?
A: Some are (e.g., chlamydia), while others (e.g., herpes, HIV) are managed with medication.
Q: How do I tell my partner?
A: Be honest—health departments often offer anonymous partner notification services.
Q: Can STIs affect pregnancy?
A: Yes. Untreated STIs may cause miscarriage, preterm birth, or infant infection. Prenatal testing is vital.
Q: Is the HPV vaccine safe?
A: Yes! It protects against cancer-causing HPV strains and genital warts.
eGynaecologist Advice
- STIs are common and nothing to be ashamed of and consult gynaecologist immediately when you have symptoms or your partner has STI
- Without treatment, some STIs can lead to infertility, organ damage, or increased HIV risk. You should discuss this with your gynaecologist.
- Beware of silent infections and get tested regularly, even if you feel fine.
- Seek gynaecological consultation when you are planning pregnancy or are pregnant.
