Vulvectomy

A vulvectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the vulva (external genitalia, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening). It is often used to treat:

• Vulvar cancer or precancerous changes (Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia, VIN).
• Severe, non-healing infections or benign growths.
• Trauma or chronic skin conditions.

Types of Vulvectomy:

• Partial: Removes a portion of the vulva.
• Simple (Total): Removes the entire vulva.
• Radical: Removes the vulva and deeper tissues (e.g., lymph nodes if cancer is present).

Preparing for Surgery

• Pre-op Tests: Blood work, imaging, or biopsies.
• Medications: Adjust current medications (e.g., blood thinners) as advised.
• Fasting: No food/drink after midnight before surgery.
• Support Plan: Arrange help at home for recovery.

During the Procedure

• Anaesthesia: General or spinal anaesthesia.
• Duration: 1–3 hours, depending on complexity.
• Procedure: Surgeon removes affected tissue; lymph nodes may be checked for cancer spread.

Recovery After Surgery

• Hospital Stay: 1–5 days (varies by procedure).
• Pain Management: Medications prescribed; use as directed.
• Wound Care: Keep the area clean/dry; follow instructions for dressings.
• Catheter: Temporary use if urination is affected.

Activity Restrictions:

• Avoid heavy lifting, driving (while on pain meds), and sexual activity for 4–6 weeks.
• Gradual return to normal activities; prioritize rest.

Long-Term Considerations

• Physical Changes: Scarring, numbness, or lymphedema (swelling if lymph nodes removed).
• Sexual Health: Altered sensation; explore lubricants or counselling for support.
• Emotional Well-being: Seek support groups or therapists for body image concerns.
• Follow-Up: Regular check-ups to monitor healing and detect recurrence.

Frequently Asked Questions

• Q: When can I resume work?
  A: Typically, 4–6 weeks, depending on job demands.

• Q: Will surgery affect my sex life?
  A: Open communication with partners and healthcare providers can help address changes.

• Q: Are there alternatives to surgery?
  A: For non-cancer cases, options like laser therapy or medicinal treatment may be discussed.

eGynaecologist Advice:

• You should seekcounselling services to discuss emotional/sexual health concerns with your gynaecological team if you are going to undergo vulvectomy or wide local excision of vulva.
• You should seek gynaecological consultation if you develop signs of infection (fever, redness, pus), swelling, bleeding, or severe pain after the procedure.