Vaginitis

Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina that can cause itching, discharge, and discomfort. It is often due to infections (like yeast or bacteria) or irritants. While common and treatable, proper diagnosis ensures the right treatment.

Common Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal discharge (colour/texture varies by cause).
• Itching, burning, or redness around the vulva/vagina.
• Pain during urination or sex.
• Unpleasant odour (e.g., fishy smell in bacterial vaginosis).

Types & Causes

1. Infectious Vaginitis:
   1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Overgrowth of harmful bacteria (greyish discharge, fishy odour).
   1. Yeast Infection: Candida overgrowth (thick, white discharge, itching).
   1. Trichomoniasis: STI caused by a parasite (frothy, greenish discharge).
2. Non-Infectious Vaginitis:
   1. Irritants: Scented soaps, douches, spermicides, or tight clothing.
   1. Allergic reactions: To latex condoms, laundry detergents, or fabrics.
   1. Hormonal changes: Menopause, breastfeeding, or low oestrogen (atrophic vaginitis).

Diagnosis

1. Pelvic exam: To check for redness, swelling, or discharge.
2. Test vaginal pH: High pH suggests BV or trichomoniasis.
3. Take a swab: Lab tests confirm yeast, bacteria, or parasites.
4. Rule out STIs: Especially if sexually active with new/multiple partners.

Treatment Options

1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV):
   1. Antibiotics (metronidazole pills/gel or clindamycin cream).
2. Yeast Infection:
   1. Antifungals (clotrimazole cream, fluconazole pill).
3. Trichomoniasis:
   1. Antibiotics (metronidazole or tinidazole for you and your partner).
4. Non-Infectious Causes:
   1. Avoid irritants; use hypoallergenic products.
   1. Topical oestrogen creams for menopausal drynessFrequently Asked Questions

Q: Is vaginitis contagious?
A: Only if caused by an STI (e.g., trichomoniasis). Partners need treatment.

Q: Can I use over-the-counter yeast treatments?
A: Yes, but only if certain it’s a yeast infection. Misuse can worsen BV.

Q: Can vaginitis recur?
A: Yes. Recurrent yeast infections or BV may need long-term management.

Q: Can I have sex during treatment?
A: Avoid sex until symptoms resolve to prevent irritation or reinfection.

Q: Are home remedies safe (e.g., yogurt, garlic)?
A: Limited evidence. Yogurt may soothe but doesn’t cure infections. Consult your doctor first.

Q: Does vaginitis affect pregnancy?
A: Untreated BV/trichomoniasis increases preterm birth risk. Inform your doctor if pregnant.

eGynaecologist Advice:

• Vaginitis is treatable with proper diagnosis and care but avoid self-diagnosis as similar symptoms can signal different causes and must consult gynaecologist
• It is important to maintain healthy vaginal flora and Probiotics may help maintain vaginal health should consult a gynaecologist to discuss the right preventative treatment.
• Some women may have no symptoms but still need treatment (e.g., STIs) while symptoms like fever, pelvic pain, or foul-smelling discharge may indicate a serious infection. You should seek gynaecological consultation if you suspect vaginitis.