Women face a 1 in 5 lifetime risk of developing Alzheimer’s—nearly twice that of men to develop Dementia. After menopause, declining oestrogen accelerates brain aging and vulnerability. But up to 40% of dementia cases may be prevented or delayed through targeted actions.
Key risk factors unique to women
| Factor | Why It Matters |
| Early menopause (<45) | Longer lifetime oestrogen deficit → faster brain changes. |
| Surgical menopause | Sudden oestrogen drop heightens cognitive risks vs. natural transition. |
| Cardiovascular health | Heart-brain link: Stroke, hypertension, and diabetes double dementia risk in women. |
| Sleep disruptions | Menopause-related insomnia impairs toxin clearance from the brain. |
| Chronic stress | Women are 2x more likely to have anxiety/depression—linked to brain inflammation. |
Prevention strategies
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Timing is critical
- Benefit: Starting HRT before age 60 or within 10 years of menopause may be neuroprotective and protect memory.
- Risk: Late initiation (>10 years post menopause) increases dementia risk.
- Consultation required: Discuss personal risks (stroke, blood clots) with your gynaecologist.
Brain-healthy lifestyle
- Nutrition:
→ Mediterranean diet: Leafy greens, berries, nuts, fatty fish (omega-3), olive oil.
→ Avoid: Sugary drinks, processed meats, excess alcohol. - Exercise:
→ 150 mins/week aerobic + strength training (e.g., brisk walking + yoga).
→ Dual-task activities: Dance or tennis—combine movement + mental focus. - Sleep: Prioritize 7–8 hours/night; treat sleep apnoea if present.
Cognitive & social engagement
- Learn new skills: Language, instrument, or crafts (stimulates brain plasticity).
- Socialise: Loneliness increases dementia risk 50%—join clubs, volunteer.
- Manage stress: Mindfulness, tai chi, or therapy lowers cortisol.
Medical vigilance
- Control:
→ Blood pressure (<120/80 mmHg)
→ Blood sugar (HbA1c <5.7%)
→ Cholesterol (LDL <100 mg/dL) - Screen for: Depression, hearing loss, vitamin B12/D deficiency.
Early warning signs vs. Normal aging
| Seek Medical Advice If You Notice | Normal Age-Related Changes |
| Forgetting recent events repeatedly | Occasionally misplacing keys |
| Struggling to follow recipes or pay bills | Needing help with new tech |
| Getting lost in familiar places | Forgetting a turn, then recalling |
| Personality changes (apathy, agitation) | Mild irritability when tired |
Frequently Asked Questions
- Q: Does menopause cause Alzheimer’s?
A: No—but oestrogen loss accelerates underlying risks. Hormone replacement can be preventive. - Q: Are dementia genetic tests useful?
A: Dementia genetic testing can be useful where there is a strong family history of certain forms of Alzheimer’s particularly young onset dementia. - Q: Can environmental factors cause Alzheimer’s dementia?
A: There is a growing evidence that environmental factors interact with genes to contribute to the disease by a process called ‘epigenetics’. These alterations can accumulate over time contributing to neurodegeneration and gradual onset of symptoms. - Q: Can supplements help?
A: Evidence is weak. Prioritize food-based nutrients. Vitamin D (if deficient) and omega-3s may support brain health. - Q: How often should I get cognitive screening?
A: Baseline at menopause, then every 2–3 years if risk factors exist (e.g., hypertension).
eGynaecologist Advice
- Adopting healthy lifestyle choices and controlling cardiovascular health including high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes can decrease risk of vascular dementia.
- Women should seek support if they are experiencing changes in memory or thinking. Alzheimer’s Society and National Institute on Aging offer valuable information about dementia.
- You should consider genetic testing for Alzheimer’s if there is a strong history of early onset dementia running in the family.
