Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak, brittle, and prone to fractures due to loss of density.Common fracture sites: hips, spine, and wrists.
After menopause, declining oestrogen levels accelerate bone loss, increasing osteoporosis risk.
Often called a “silent disease” because bone loss occurs without symptoms until a fracture happens.1 in 3 women over 50 will experience an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime.
Why Are Post-Menopausal Women at Risk?
- Oestrogen decline: Oestrogen protects bones; its reduction post-menopause speeds up bone breakdown.
- Age: Bone density peaks around age 30 and naturally declines with age.
- Other risk factors:
- Family history of osteoporosis.
- Low body weight or petite frame.
- Smoking, excessive alcohol, or sedentary lifestyle.
- Low calcium/vitamin D intake.
Diagnosis
- Bone Density Scan (DEXA scan):
- Measures bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine.
- Results are given as a T-score:
- -1.0 to -2.5: Osteopenia (low bone mass).
- Below -2.5: Osteoporosis.
- FRAX Tool: Estimates your 10-year fracture risk using age, weight, and medical history.
Managing & Preventing Bone Loss
A. Lifestyle Changes
- Nutrition:
- Calcium: Aim for 1,200 mg/day (dairy, leafy greens, fortified foods).
- Vitamin D: 800–1,000 IU/day (sunlight, fatty fish, supplements).
- Exercise:
- Weight-bearing activities: Walking, dancing, or stair climbing (30 mins/day).
- Strength training: Builds muscle to support bones (2–3x/week).
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol to 1 drink/day.
B. Medical Treatments
- Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate): Slow bone breakdown.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): May be prescribed short-term for severe menopausal symptoms and bone protection.
- Other options: Denosumab, teriparatide, or SERMs (raloxifene).
C. Fall Prevention
- Remove tripping hazards at home.
- Wear supportive shoes.
- Use assistive devices (e.g., cane) if unsteady.
Monitoring Your Bone Health
- Regular DEXA scans: Every 1–2 years if diagnosed with osteoporosis/osteopenia.
- Blood tests: Check vitamin D, calcium, and kidney function.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can osteoporosis be reversed?
A: While bone loss can’t be fully reversed, treatments can slow progression and reduce fracture risk.
Q: Are supplements safe?
A: Calcium/vitamin D supplements are generally safe but consult your doctor to avoid over-supplementation.
Q: Do medications have side effects?
A: Some (e.g., bisphosphonates) may cause heartburn or rare jawbone issues. Discuss risks/benefits with your doctor.
eGynaecologist Advice:
- You should seek gynaecological consultation about potential benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause
- You should consider having regular bone density scans to monitor your bone health and discuss this with gynaecologist in your annual health check
