Laparoscopy (or “keyhole surgery”) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows surgeons to examine or operate inside your abdomen/pelvis using a thin, lighted tube called a laparoscope. It involves small incisions, reduced scarring, and faster recovery compared to open surgery.
Why is Laparoscopy Performed?
Your gynaecologist may recommend this surgery for
- Diagnostic purposes: Investigate causes of pelvic pain, infertility, or suspected conditions (e.g., endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy).
- Treatment: Remove cysts, fibroids, or organs (e.g., appendix, gallbladder); treat blockages, adhesions (scar tissue), or infections.
Before the Procedure
- Pre-assessment: Blood tests or imaging may be required.
- Fasting: No food/drink for 6–12 hours before surgery (follow your doctor’s instructions).
- Medications: Discuss current medications (e.g., blood thinners) with your doctor.
- Transport: Arrange a ride home, as you cannot drive after general anaesthesia.
During the Procedure
- Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia (you’ll be asleep).
- Incisions:
- 1–4 small cuts (0.5–1 cm) are made in the abdomen.
- The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas for better visibility.
- Examination/treatment:
- The laparoscope transmits images to a screen.
- Surgical tools are inserted through other incisions (e.g., to remove tissue).
- Closure: Stitches or glue seal the incisions.
- Duration: 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on complexity.
Risks and Complications
- Common (temporary):
- Shoulder/neck pain (from gas irritation).
- Mild bloating, bruising, or soreness at incision sites.
- Rare but serious:
- Infection, bleeding, or damage to organs (e.g., bowel, bladder).
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis).
- Hernia at incision sites.
Recovery
- Immediate aftercare:
- Rest in recovery for 2–4 hours; most go home the same day.
- You may feel drowsy or nauseous (side effects of anaesthesia).
- At home:
- Pain relief: Use prescribed medications or over-the-counter options (e.g., paracetamol).
- Activity:
- Rest for 24–48 hours.
- Avoid heavy lifting, exercise, or driving for 5–7 days.
- Wound care: Keep incisions clean/dry; watch for redness/swelling.
- Return to work: Typically, within 1–2 weeks (varies by job type).
Alternatives to Laparoscopy
- Open surgery: Larger incision, longer recovery.
- Imaging scans: Ultrasound, MRI, or CT (less invasive but may not provide definitive answers).
Follow-Up
- A post-op appointment may be scheduled to discuss results or further treatment.
- Biopsy results (if taken) typically return in 1–2 weeks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How long will pain last?
A: Mild discomfort usually resolves in 2–3 days. Shoulder pain from gas improves within 24–48 hours.
Q: When can I shower?
A: After 24 hours, unless advised otherwise. Pat incisions dry gently.
Q: Can I eat normally afterward?
A: Start with light meals; avoid greasy foods if you feel nauseous.
Q: Will I have scars?
A: Incisions heal into small, faint marks over weeks.
eGynaecologist Advice:
- You should seek gynaecological help if you have severe pain, fever, or chills after laparoscopy or notice heavy bleeding or foul-smelling discharge from incisions.
- You must seek urgent gynaecological review if you develop chest pain, shortness of breath, or calf swelling after laparoscopy (signs of blood clots).
