Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy (or “keyhole surgery”) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows surgeons to examine or operate inside your abdomen/pelvis using a thin, lighted tube called a laparoscope. It involves small incisions, reduced scarring, and faster recovery compared to open surgery.

Why is Laparoscopy Performed?

            Your gynaecologist may recommend this surgery for

• Diagnostic purposes: Investigate causes of pelvic pain, infertility, or suspected conditions (e.g., endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy).
• Treatment: Remove cysts, fibroids, or organs (e.g., appendix, gallbladder); treat blockages, adhesions (scar tissue), or infections.

Before the Procedure

• Pre-assessment: Blood tests or imaging may be required.
• Fasting: No food/drink for 6–12 hours before surgery (follow your doctor’s instructions).
• Medications: Discuss current medications (e.g., blood thinners) with your doctor.
• Transport: Arrange a ride home, as you cannot drive after general anaesthesia.

During the Procedure

1. Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia (you’ll be asleep).
2. Incisions:
   1. 1–4 small cuts (0.5–1 cm) are made in the abdomen.
   1. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas for better visibility.
3. Examination/treatment:
   1. The laparoscope transmits images to a screen.
   1. Surgical tools are inserted through other incisions (e.g., to remove tissue).
4. Closure: Stitches or glue seal the incisions.
5. Duration: 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on complexity.

Risks and Complications

• Common (temporary):
  • Shoulder/neck pain (from gas irritation).
  • Mild bloating, bruising, or soreness at incision sites.
• Rare but serious:
  • Infection, bleeding, or damage to organs (e.g., bowel, bladder).
  • Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis).
  • Hernia at incision sites.

Recovery

• Immediate aftercare:
  • Rest in recovery for 2–4 hours; most go home the same day.
  • You may feel drowsy or nauseous (side effects of anaesthesia).
• At home:
  • Pain relief: Use prescribed medications or over-the-counter options (e.g., paracetamol).
  • Activity:
    • Rest for 24–48 hours.
    • Avoid heavy lifting, exercise, or driving for 5–7 days.
  • Wound care: Keep incisions clean/dry; watch for redness/swelling.
• Return to work: Typically, within 1–2 weeks (varies by job type).

Alternatives to Laparoscopy

• Open surgery: Larger incision, longer recovery.
• Imaging scans: Ultrasound, MRI, or CT (less invasive but may not provide definitive answers).

Follow-Up

• A post-op appointment may be scheduled to discuss results or further treatment.
• Biopsy results (if taken) typically return in 1–2 weeks.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How long will pain last?
A: Mild discomfort usually resolves in 2–3 days. Shoulder pain from gas improves within 24–48 hours.

Q: When can I shower?
A: After 24 hours, unless advised otherwise. Pat incisions dry gently.

Q: Can I eat normally afterward?
A: Start with light meals; avoid greasy foods if you feel nauseous.

Q: Will I have scars?
A: Incisions heal into small, faint marks over weeks.

eGynaecologist Advice:

• You should seek gynaecological help if you have severe pain, fever, or chills after laparoscopy or notice heavy bleeding or foul-smelling discharge from incisions.
• You must seek urgent gynaecological review if you develop chest pain, shortness of breath, or calf swelling after laparoscopy (signs of blood clots).