- A colposcopy is a procedure to closely examine your cervix (the entrance to the womb) using a special microscope called a colposcope. It is usually done if your cervical screening (smear test) shows abnormal cells or detects high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The goal is to identify any changes early and prevent cervical cancer. This usually takes 10–20 minutes and is done as an outpatient procedure.
Why is a Colposcopy Done?
Your gynaecologist may recommend this test if:
- Your cervical screening detected abnormal cells or high-risk HPV.
- You have symptoms like unusual bleeding (e.g., after sex).
- Your cervix looks unusual during a pelvic exam.
Before the Procedure
- Timing: Avoid scheduling during your period (ideal time: 1–2 weeks after your period ends).
- Avoid for 24–48 hours before:
- Vaginal sex, tampons, or lubricants.
- Vaginal medications or creams.
- Pain relief: Take over-the-counter painkillers (e.g., paracetamol) beforehand if advised.
- Ask questions: Discuss any concerns, allergies, or medical conditions with your gynaecologist.
During the Colposcopy
- Positioning: You lie on an exam table, similar to a smear test, with legs supported.
- Speculum insertion: A smooth plastic tool is gently inserted into the vagina to hold it open.
- Examination:
- The colposcope (which stays outside your body) magnifies the cervix.
- A mild acetic acid solution is applied to highlight abnormal areas (may cause a brief tingling sensation).
- Biopsy (if needed):
- Tiny tissue samples may be taken from suspicious areas (you may feel a quick pinch or cramp).
- Local anaesthetic is sometimes used to numb the area.
- End of procedure: The speculum is removed.
Possible Risks
- Common (temporary):
- Light bleeding or dark discharge (especially if a biopsy is taken).
- Mild cramping for 1–2 days.
- Rare (serious):
- Infection (symptoms: fever, heavy bleeding, or foul-smelling discharge).
- Heavy bleeding (contact your doctor if soaking a pad hourly).
After the Procedure
- Recovery: Most women resume normal activities immediately.
- Self-care:
- Use sanitary pads (not tampons) for any bleeding.
- Avoid sex, swimming, or tampons for 3–5 days (longer if a biopsy was taken).
- Pain relief: Paracetamol or ibuprofen can ease cramps.
Getting Your Results
- Results take 2–4 weeks. Your gynaecologist will explain:
- Normal: No abnormal cells found. Continue routine screening.
- Low-grade changes: May resolve on their own; follow-up tests advised.
- High-grade changes: Further treatment loop excision (e.g., LLETZ/LEEP) may be needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Will it hurt?
A: Most women feel only mild discomfort. A biopsy may cause brief cramping.
Q: Can I drive home afterward?
A: Yes, unless you had sedation (rarely used).
Q: What if abnormal cells are found?
A: Most changes are treatable. Your gynaecologist will discuss next steps.
Q: Does a colposcopy affect fertility?
A: No – treatments for abnormal cells (if needed) rarely impact fertility.
eGynaecologist Advice:
- You must seek gynaecological consultation if you have heavy bleeding (more than a regular period) severe pain, fever, or chills or foul-smelling vaginal discharge after colposcopy.
- HPV vaccine is still beneficial even after cervical treatment or colposcopy and can be given 1-2 weeks after the procedure. You should seek gynaecological consultation if you are considering HPV vaccination after colposcopy or cervical treatment.
