Cervicitis

Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina). It is often caused by infections, irritants, or allergies. While common and treatable, untreated cervicitis can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or fertility issues.

Common Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow, grey, or pus-like).
• Pain during sex or pelvic discomfort.
• Bleeding between periods or after intercourse.
• Painful urination or frequent urination.

Causes

1. Infections:
   1. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, or genital herpes.
   1. Bacterial vaginosis (BV).
2. Non-infectious causes:
   1. Allergic reactions (e.g., to spermicides, latex condoms, or douches).
   1. Irritation from tampons, cervical caps, or IUDs.

Diagnosis

• Pelvic exam: To check for redness, discharge, or tenderness.
• Swab tests: To detect STIs or bacterial overgrowth.
• Pap smear: Rules out cervical cancer or precancerous changes.

Treatment Options

1. For Infections:
   1. Antibiotics: Azithromycin (for chlamydia) or ceftriaxone (for gonorrhoea).
   1. Antivirals: For herpes (e.g., acyclovir).
   1. Partner treatment: Sexual partners must also be treated to prevent reinfection.
2. For Non-Infectious Causes:
   1. Remove irritants (e.g., switch contraceptive methods).
   1. Steroid creams (for severe inflammation).

Prevention

• Practice safe sex: Use condoms and get regular STI screenings.
• Avoid douches, scented products, or harsh soaps.
• Choose hypoallergenic lubricants if prone to irritation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is cervicitis contagious?
A: Yes, if caused by an STI. Avoid sex until both you and your partner finish treatment.

Q: Can cervicitis affect fertility?
A: Yes, if untreated and spreads to the uterus/fallopian tubes (PID). Early treatment prevents complications.

Q: Can it come back?
A: Yes, especially with recurring STI exposure or continued use of irritants.

Q: Is cervicitis linked to cancer?
A: Chronic inflammation may increase risk, but regular cervical smears help detect changes early.

Q: What if I’m pregnant?
A: Untreated cervicitis can cause preterm birth. Inform your doctor immediately.

eGynaecologist Advice:

• You must seek gynaecological consultation if you develop fever, severe pelvic pain, or foul-smelling discharge (signs of PID).
• Cervicitis is treatable but requires prompt care. Seek gynaecological consultation to prevent complications.
• Cervicitis due to STIs is common and treatable Partner treatment is essential for STI-related cases.