Expertise

Genital warts are small, flesh-coloured growths caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They appear on or around the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or thighs. While not dangerous, they can cause discomfort and emotional distress. Common symptoms Causes & transmission Diagnosis Treatment Options Frequently Asked Questions Q: Are genital warts cancerous?A: No—warts are caused […]

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside an ovary. Most are harmless (benign) and resolve on their own, but some may cause symptoms or require treatment. They are common in women of reproductive age and can occur in post-menopausal women as well. Types of ovarian cysts Common symptoms Many cysts cause no symptoms. When

Urinary incontinence is the unintentional leakage of urine. It is a common condition, especially among women, and is not a normal part of aging. With proper care, most cases can be improved or cured. You may have varied types of bladder incontinence, including following Types of Urinary Incontinence Common Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Options Lifestyle changes

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections spread primarily through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, or oral sex) or close genital contact. Some can also spread via shared needles, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Common STIs include: Common symptoms How do STIs spread? Testing & Diagnosis Treatment options Prevention Frequently Asked Questions Q: Can I get an STI without symptoms?A: Yes!

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur 1–2 weeks before your period and improve once menstruation begins. It’s very common, affecting up to 3 in 4 menstruating individuals. Severe emotional symptoms (e.g., extreme sadness or anger) may indicate PMDD (Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder), a more intense form of PMS. Common symptoms What causes PMS? Diagnosis Management

Pre-pregnancy counselling is a proactive discussion with your healthcare provider to optimise your health and reduce risks before you conceive. It’s recommended for anyone planning a pregnancy, especially if you: Why is it important? What to expect during your visit Key issues to discuss Frequently Asked Questions Q: When should I start pre-pregnancy counselling?A: Ideally 3–6 months before trying

Recurrent miscarriage is defined as experiencing three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 24 weeks of gestation. While emotionally challenging, many couples go on to have successful pregnancies with the right care. Possible causes Diagnostic tests Treatment options Frequently Asked Questions Q: Can stress cause recurrent miscarriage?A: No. Stress doesn’t directly cause miscarriage, though emotional well-being matters.

An abnormal cervical smear means cell changes were found on your cervix during screening. These changes are not cancer but are monitored to prevent future issues. Most are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus spread through skin-to-skin contact. An abnormal result is common (1 in 20 smears) and rarely urgent. What do my results mean?

Vaginal pinworm infestation occurs when pinworms (small, white intestinal worms) migrate from the anus to the vaginal area. It is a secondary effect of intestinal pinworm infection (Enterobius vermicularis), most common in children but possible in adults. Though uncomfortable, it is treatable and preventable with proper hygiene. Causes & transmission Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Medications Hygiene Measures Frequently Asked Questions Q:

Perimenopause is the transitional phase leading to menopause (when periods stop for 12 months). It typically begins in the mid-40s but can start earlier. Hormone levels, especially oestrogen, fluctuate, leading to physical and emotional changes. This phase can last 4–8 years and ends one year after your final period (menopause). Common symptoms Symptoms vary widely but may include: Management

Vulval dermatoses are inflammatory skin conditions affecting the vulva (external genital area). They are not sexually transmitted and include: Causes & risk factors Symptoms Symptoms vary by condition but may include: Diagnosis Treatment options Medical treatments Lifestyle & self-care Severe cases Prevention & daily care   Frequently Asked Questions Q: Is this an STD?A: No—these conditions are not infections and cannot

Risk-reducing surgery (prophylactic surgery) involves removing the ovaries and fallopian tubes (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) to lower the chance of developing ovarian cancer. It is recommended for individuals at high risk due to genetic factors or family history. Who should consider this surgery? You may be a candidate if you have: Benefits of surgery Risks and considerations What to expect

Vaginal cancer develops in the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the vulva to the cervix. It is very rare, accounting for 1–2% of gynaecological cancers. Most cases occur in women over 60, but early detection improves treatment success. Causes & risk factors Symptoms Prevention Screening Diagnosis & Treatment . Frequently Asked Questions Q: Is vaginal cancer linked

Vulval cancer develops in the vulva, the external female genital area (including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening). It is a rare cancer but often treatable when detected early. Most cases occur in women over 60, though it can affect younger women. Causes & risk factors Symptoms Prevention Screening Diagnosis & treatment Frequently Asked Questions Q: Is vulval

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the organs that produce eggs and hormones. It is often called a “silent killer” because symptoms may be vague until the disease is advanced. One of the aggressive ovarian cancer, high grade serous ovarian carcinoma often develops from serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions, considered to be precursor lesions in

Endometrial cancer develops in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus (womb). It is the most common type of uterine cancer and often detected early due to noticeable symptoms like abnormal bleeding. Causes & risk factors Symptoms Prevention Screening Diagnosis & Treatment Living with endometrial cancer Frequently Asked Questions Q: Is endometrial cancer linked to HPV? A: No—unlike cervical

Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the womb (uterus). It often grows slowly, starting with pre-cancerous changes (dysplasia) that can be detected early through screening. Causes & Risk Factors Symptoms Early stages may show no symptoms. Later signs include following Prevention Screening Diagnosis & Treatment Frequently Asked Questions: Q:Is cervical cancer hereditary? A:

What is low sex drive? Low sex drive (or hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSDD) is a persistent lack of interest in sexual activity that causes personal distress. It is common and can result from physical, emotional, or lifestyle factors.  Common Symptoms Possible causes Physical Factors Psychological/Emotional factors Lifestyle factors Diagnosis Treatment options Medical Treatments Psychological Support

What is a Gynaecological examination? A gynaecological exam is a routine check-up to assess the health of your reproductive organs (e.g., vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries). It helps detect infections, abnormalities like adenomyosis, endometriosis, or early signs of conditions like cancer. Why is it Important? What to expect during the exam Preparing for Your Exam

Vaginal atrophy is a common condition where the vaginal walls become thinner, drier, and less elastic due to a drop in oestrogen levels. It often occurs during or after menopause but can also affect younger women due to breastfeeding, cancer treatments, or surgeries that reduce oestrogen. Common symptoms Why does it happen? Oestrogen keeps vaginal

What is a Cervical Polyp? A cervical polyp is a small, finger-like growth on the cervix (the opening to the uterus). These polyps are usually non-cancerous (benign) and often cause no symptoms. They are common in women of reproductive age, especially those who have had children or are nearing menopause. Common Symptoms Many polyps cause no symptoms