Perimenopause is the transitional phase leading to menopause (when periods stop for 12 months). It typically begins in the mid-40s but can start earlier. Hormone levels, especially oestrogen, fluctuate, leading to physical and emotional changes. This phase can last 4–8 years and ends one year after your final period (menopause).
Common symptoms
Symptoms vary widely but may include:
- Irregular periods (shorter, longer, heavier, or lighter).
- Hot flashes/night sweats (sudden warmth, flushing).
- Mood swings, anxiety, or irritability.
- Sleep disturbances (insomnia, fatigue).
- Vaginal dryness or discomfort during sex.
- Weight gain (especially around the abdomen).
- Brain fog (memory lapses, poor concentration).
Management strategies
Lifestyle adjustments
- Nutrition:
- Focus on calcium-rich foods (dairy, leafy greens) and vitamin D (sunlight, fatty fish) for bone health. Include phytoestrogens (soy, flaxseeds) to ease mild symptoms.
- Limit caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods (trigger hot flashes).
- Exercise:
- Strength training (prevents muscle loss).
- Weight-bearing exercises (walking, yoga) to protect bones.
- Cardio (30 mins/day) for heart health and mood.
- Stress Management:
- Mindfulness, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises.
- Prioritize sleep (cool room, consistent bedtime).
Medical support
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT):
- Effective for hot flashes, bone health, and vaginal dryness.
- Discuss risks (e.g., blood clots) and benefits with your doctor.
- Non-Hormonal Medications:
- Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs) for mood or hot flashes.
- Vaginal moisturizers/lubricants for dryness.
- Supplements:
- Calcium/vitamin D if dietary intake is low.
- Black cohosh or evening primrose oil (evidence mixed—consult a doctor).
Preventive care
- Bone Density Scan: Screen for osteoporosis risk.
- Cardiovascular Check-Ups: Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol.
- Pelvic Health: Address vaginal microbiome issues and resolve urinary incontinence with pelvic floor exercises.
Sexual health
- Comfort Tips: Use water-based lubricants or vaginal oestrogen creams.
- Communication: Discuss changes with your partner; intimacy can adapt.
- Libido Support: Explore options with a healthcare provider if interest declines.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is weight gain inevitable?
A: Not necessarily—regular exercise and balanced nutrition help manage weight.
Q: Can I still get pregnant?
A: Yes! Use contraception until 12 months after your last period.
Q: Are natural remedies safe?
A: Some help mild symptoms but always consult your doctor to avoid interactions.
Q: How long will symptoms last?
A: Typically, 4–8 years, but varies. Severe symptoms often improve post-menopause.
eGynaecologist Advice
- You spend greater part of your life in post reproductive state of peri-menopausal and menopausal age, which makes it very important to optimise your health when you develop symptoms. You must consult gynaecologist to help you with improving your post reproductive health.
- You should prioritize your bone, heart, and mental health and explore HRT and lifestyle changes tailored to your needs in consultation with your gynaecologist.
- You should seek gynaecological consultation when symptoms disrupt daily life (e.g., severe depression, sleep loss).
